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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the nigh oft used discussion in the English language language; studies and analyses of texts have plant it to account for seven percent of all printed English-linguistic communication words.^[1] It is derived from gendered manufactures in Sometime English which combined in Middle English language and now has a unmarried grade used with pronouns of whatever gender.^[a] The word can exist used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any alphabetic character. This is different from many other languages, which accept different forms of the definite article for unlike genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In most dialects, "the" is pronounced every bit /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel sound or used every bit an emphatic form.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English accept an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and utilise /ðə/, even before a vowel.^{[iii] [4]}

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the expert", not just "an" proficient in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Employ of articles". The, as in phrases like "the more than the better", has a distinct origin and etymology and by run a risk has evolved to be identical to the definite article.^[5]

Article

The and that are common developments from the same Former English language organisation. Old English had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English, these had all merged into þe, the antecedent of the Modern English word the.^[vi]

Geographic usage

An area in which the use or not-employ of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and and so on – are generally used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the Northward Ocean, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements mostly do not take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Austria (only the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
• starting time with a common substantive followed by of may take the article, equally in the Isle of Wight or the Island of Portland (compare Christmas Isle), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge Academy, but the Academy of Cambridge.
• Some identify names include an article, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Stone, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Village (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West Stop, the East End, The Hague, or the Metropolis of London (simply London). Formerly due east.thousand. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
• generally described singular names, the North Island (New Zealand) or the West Country (England), take an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, almost exclude "the" but there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective mutual nouns such as "kingdom", "republic", "matrimony", etc.: the Key African Republic, the Dominican Commonwealth, the U.s., the Uk, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including about country total names:^{[8] [9]} the Czech Republic (but Czechia), the Russian federation (just Russia), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the Country of Israel (simply Israel) and the Commonwealth of Australia (but Australia).^{[ten] [11] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Singular derivations from "isle" or "state" that concord administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island – do not take a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, even for singular, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in refuse, The Gambia remains recommended whereas employ of the Argentine for Argentina is considered former-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to as the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th Century, possibly originating with Ukrainian immigrant scholars non fluent in English language referring to the country every bit then.^[fourteen] Sudan (but the Republic of the Sudan) and Due south Sudan (but the Republic of South Sudan) are written nowadays without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the well-nigh ofttimes used words in English, at diverse times short abbreviations for it have been found:

• Barred thorn: the primeval abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Old English language language. It is the letter þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript e or t) appear in Eye English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Mod manuscripts and in impress (run into Ye form).

Occasional proposals have been made by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English language, the (þe) was oft abbreviated as a þ with a minor e higher up information technology, similar to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a small t above it. During the latter Centre English and Early Modern English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. As a result, the use of a y with an e in a higher place it () as an abbreviation became common. This tin all the same be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans xv:29, or in the Mayflower Meaty. Historically, the commodity was never pronounced with a y sound, even when and then written.

The word "The" itself, capitalised, is used every bit an abbreviation in Commonwealth countries for the honorific title "The Correct Honourable", as in eastward.thou. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", brusque for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[xvi]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Form in Phonetics (sixth ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.i." OED Online. Oxford Academy Printing, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved eighteen June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it chosen The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to use".
9. ^ "FAO Land Profiles". www.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. 8–nine. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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